MedVet's Avian and Exotic Service December 3, 2016
Natural History of the Leopard Gecko
The leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, is native to south central Asia from southern Afghanistan, throughout Pakistan and northwestern India. In the wild they are nocturnal and hide under rocks or burrows during the day. Winter temperatures can get down to 50°F forcing them to brumate. They breed readily in captivity and most are now captive born in the United States. Many color variations are available. Leopard geckos weigh 45 to 80 grams, are 20 to 25 cm in length, with males being larger than females, and can live twenty to almost thirty years. Leopard geckos can be affected by a variety of diseases and this article discusses the 10 most common problems.
Diet for the Leopard Gecko
- Crickets should be staple part of the diet for Leopard Geckos, but they can also be fed waxworms, earthworms, mealworm larvae or wild-caught insects such as fruit flies, flies, moths or grasshoppers in small amounts.
- Adults should be fed every 2-4 days and the insects should be dusted with a calcium/Vitamin D 3 supplement twice weekly and every other week with a multivitamin.
- We recommend using “Rep-Cal”, from Zoo-med, as a supplement.
- Insectivore diets are naturally low in calcium and many insects sold as “gut-loaded” are not fed an appropriately calcium rich diet prior to being sold. When purchasing insects, it is VERY important for you to feed them a good meal prior to feeding the insects to your gecko.
- T-rex Calcium plus food for crickets and Mazuri Hi-Ca Cricket diet are two commercially available options.
- As adults, female leopard geckos especially like pink mice. Start with 1–2 day old pinks until they are comfortable eating pinkies. Males prefer pinkies less.
- Train your leopard gecko to eat the crickets from a “feeding station”.
- Place a ceramic crock, or other heavy bowl in the cage and place a few crickets in it for the gecko to eat.
- You may have to move the gecko closer to the bowl the first few times so that he catches on.
- The advantage to a feeding station is that you can easily remove any uneaten insects and the gecko is less likely to consume particulate substrate such as sand (if you are using one).
Water Recommendations for Leopard Geckos
- Offer fresh water daily in a water dish large enough for the lizard to soak its entire body in.
- Additional soaks in shallow warm water for 15-20 minutes 2-3 times a week are helpful, especially during a shed.
- If he will not go into the water on his own, place him in a shallow container 2-3 times a weak to force soak.
Housing and Substrate for Leopard Geckos
- Leopard geckos do well in small 10 or 20 gallon aquariums with built in screen tops.
- Males should not be housed with other males as they fight resulting in serious wounds and mutilation\
- Paper towels, newspaper, indoor/outdoor carpet or a paper pulp product or orchid bark are the safest.
- Avoid sand, as this is very drying to the environment, and many geckos will accidentally ingest sand, causing life-threatening impactions.
- Provide a “moisture station” by placing sphagnum peat moss, soaked in water in the bottom of his hide rock
- Keep this moistened daily, and change the peat moss a minimum of once a week (every 2-3 days, or even daily is ideal).
Heating and Lighting Recommendations for Leopard Geckos
- Provide heat with an under the tank heater and an incandescent light bulb (40-75watt) or a ceramic heater.
- Temperatures should reach 80-88 degrees F on the warm side and 70-75 degrees on the cool side.
- Always measure temperature at the bottom of the cage and/or at the basking site where your gecko actually sits!
We hope this information helps you understand husbandry and care of leopard geckos. Please see your veterinarian for more information or visit us at one of our MedVet locations.
See also, Common Diseases of Leopard Geckos.
Sources and Additional Information for Leopard Gecko Care and Husbandry
- Dr. Melissa Kaplan’s Herp Care: http://www.anapsid.org/leopardgek.html
- Lafeber Vet: http://www.lafebervet.com/emergency-medicine/herps/leopard-gecko-eublepharis-macularius-basic-information-sheet/
- Veterinary Partner: http://www.veterinarypartner.com
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FAQs
Leopard Gecko Information and Care Recommendations? ›
Leopard geckos eat a diet of live insects, which can include crickets, 'calci worms', waxworms and small locusts (no bigger than the size of your gecko's head). You'll also need to provide fresh vegetables and clean water to keep these insects hydrated. You should feed young geckos every day and adults every other day.
Is a leopard gecko easy to take care of? ›Leopard geckos are small relatively easy to care for reptiles. They can reach an adult size of 5-10 inches, and can live 10-15 years with good health care, a clean environment, and proper feeding.
How often do you need to soak a leopard gecko? ›Offer fresh water daily in a water dish large enough for the lizard to soak its entire body in. Additional soaks in shallow warm water for 15-20 minutes 2-3 times a week are helpful, especially during a shed. If he will not go into the water on his own, place him in a shallow container 2-3 times a weak to force soak.
Do leopard geckos like to be held? ›Keep in mind that leopard geckos don't particularly like being held. If you get your leo used to being handled when it's young, it probably won't mind when you hold it, but it won't love it either!
Do leopard geckos need heat 24 7? ›Do leopard geckos need a heat lamp 24/7? Yes it is a good idea to leave your gecko's heat lamp (or other heat source) on 24/7. The bright light of morning created by a daylight bulb will help your gecko feel more like his tank is like his natural environment.
Can I leave my leopard gecko alone for 2 days? ›As a general rule, most geckos can survive without any intervention for one or two days. If you plan to be away for a weekend, it's probably safe to leave your gecko alone, though it's always a good idea to have someone available in case there's a household emergency such as a power outage that will impact the geckos.
Do leopard geckos like to be left alone? ›All about leopard geckos
They prefer to live alone but can become used to being handled if done so carefully. A healthy gecko has clear, bright eyes and a thick tail.
Baby Leopard Geckos should be fed 5-7 small crickets or mealworms every day until they reach about 4 inches. Larger food should be offered every other day until they become full grown in about 10-12 months. Adults can be fed 6-7 large crickets or mealworms 2 to 3 times a week.
Why do you have to wash your hands after touching a leopard gecko? ›Reptiles and amphibians may carry Salmonella on their bodies, even when they appear healthy and look clean. Anything they touch can be contaminated. The germs can get on cages, aquariums, terrariums and the water reptiles and amphibians live or swim in. People become infected with Salmonella by hand to mouth contact.
Do you have to wash your hands after touching a leopard gecko? ›Be careful as reptiles can carry Salmonella. Wash your hands before and after handling the gecko or its equipment to reduce the spread of infection between you and the lizard and other animals.
Do leopard geckos prefer hot or cold? ›
Ideal temperatures Leopard Geckos range from 75-80°F on the cool side and 80-85°F on the warm side. Provide a 90-95°F basking area on the warm side.
What room should I keep my leopard gecko in? ›As the reptile hobby comes to understand our beloved reptiles better, we are realizing that they need more room than we have been giving them in the past. For these reasons, ReptiFiles recommends that adult leopard geckos be housed in no smaller than a 36″ x 18″ x 18″ enclosure with at least 4.5 sq ft of floor space.
How do I know if my leopard gecko is happy? ›- Enjoys exploring his enclosure.
- Moves around effortlessly.
- Reacts when you touch him.
- Approaches the front of his enclosure when you approach with food.
- Flicks his tongue around (to taste his environment)
- They enjoy relaxing in the warm spot of their enclosure.
At night, all of the lights should go off and the enclosure should be completely dark. This should make sure that the gecko has a clear day night cycle.
Should geckos have a heat mat or lamp? ›If you spot people keeping a leopard gecko with what appears to be heating equipment in the form of lights, this can be accomplished too, heating the ground up during the day, however, this quickly cools at night when you gecko is likely to come out of their hide, and therefore a mat is a better option.
Do leopard geckos need a heat lamp or pad? ›For instance, leopard geckos don't need a heat lamp but they do need a heat source of some kind so they will appreciate a heat lamp if nothing else is used to give them a temperature gradient. Some geckos, like day geckos, will prefer a heat lamp over a heat mat or heating pad.
Should I handle my leopard gecko during the day? ›It doesn't matter whether you handle during the day or night, although the gecko might be less skittish during the day.
Can a leopard gecko eat fruit? ›Can Leopard Geckos eat fruit and vegetables? Leopard Geckos are insectivores and cannot eat fruit or vegetables. A Leopard Gecko's body can only digest meat, such as insects. The reason they can't eat fruit or vegetables is because their bodies aren't designed to manage or digest fruit and vegetables.
Is it OK for my leopard gecko to sleep all day? ›Sleeping in Leopard Geckos
You may notice that your leopard gecko is sleeping a lot, and you may be worried if this is the same as being lethargic. Here's the good news: it is not. As crepuscular animals that are truly active for a short period of the day, leopard geckos tend to sleep a lot.
- 20-gallon glass reptile terrarium.
- Non-adhesive shelf liner for substrate.
- Three hides (hot, humid and cool).
- Fake plants and branches.
- Water and food bowls.
- Ceramic heat emitter and lamp.
Do geckos need human interaction? ›
Although they are solitary by nature, geckos don't mind human attention every now and then. Geckos are gentle-natured and easygoing pets, and are quickly tamed, even by owners who aren't familiar with the pet. Once your gecko becomes familiar with you and its new surroundings, it'll soon tolerate your company.
What do mealworms turn into? ›Two or three weeks after the mealworm has pupated, a mealworm beetle will emerge. This is known as a darkling beetle. The egg stage typically lasts 7-14 days but low temperatures and humidity can lengthen double this incubation time.
Are mealworms better than crickets for leopard geckos? ›Mealworms do a better job offering the nutrients that your pet needs. Their protein content is the sweet spot for your reptile. But their fat content is a little light. Although better than what crickets offer for fat, it's still a good idea to supplement your mealworms with some fatty superworms or BSFL.
Is it OK to just feed your leopard gecko mealworms? ›Crickets are a viable option for many people, but for those who do not want to deal with the smell, noise, and other disadvantages of crickets, a mealworm-exclusive diet may be the way to go! As a quick fact, the majority of leopard geckos who hold longevity records have been fed nothing but mealworms!
Do you have to spray your leopard gecko with water? ›Do leopard geckos need misting? Yes, leopard geckos need misting occasionally to help keep them hydrated and aid shedding. Misting also increases the humidity and moisture levels in the habitat to ease arduous shedding. Misting devices are also available in both a manual and an automatic system.
How do you dry a leopard gecko after a bath? ›Dry your gecko.
After you have properly bathed your leopard gecko, you should dry it with a cloth or paper towel. Gently wrap the gecko in the cloth, keeping its head exposed. Softly rub the animal's body in slow circular motions with your cloth, and then gently wipe the top of its head and its vent area.
Leopard geckos don't need regular misting if they're housed in an appropriate environment. Leopard geckos thrive in dry climates and don't do well in overly moist environments. However, you might find that misting your gecko around shedding time helps them retain moisture and to shed more easily.
Why can't you hold a day gecko? ›Unlike many other lizards, including most other types of geckos, day geckos are active during the day. They are generally pretty fragile, and it is not a good idea to handle them since their skin is quite delicate. Handling can stress them out, and as a defensive mechanism, they may even drop their tail.
Is it safe to kiss your leopard gecko? ›Leopard geckos are not venomous and have a pretty harmless bite. But, like all lizards, leopard geckos shed salmonella often, unless you're 100% sure your gecko is clean, don't give them a kiss.
Do leopard geckos prefer live or dead food? ›Captive hornworms will be a blue/aqua color, and wild hornworms will be bright green. Leopard Geckos should also not consume dead, dried, or processed foods regularly. Leopard Geckos are designed to eat fresh, live prey. Insects that are dead, dried, cooked, frozen, or processed lose some of their nutritional value.
Do leopard geckos need light at night? ›
Leopard geckos have excellent night vision and do not need any light at night. However, because they are more active, some owners may want to watch their geckos at night. In that case, red or blue lights the best possible options.
What temp should a leopard gecko tank be at night? ›The ideal daytime temperatures for leopard geckos are 75° to 85°F (24-29 °C), with up to up to 90°F (32 °C) under the heat lamp. The nighttime temperatures should never drop below 65°F (18°C). The ideal humidity is between 30-40%.
What do leopard geckos like to sleep in? ›Leopard geckos like to hide when they sleep, whether under tree bark, crevices in rocks, piles of leaves, or wherever they feel protected from predators. So, no matter whether your pet leopard gecko wants to take a nocturnal sleep or nap during the day, ensure it has a snug, safe place undercover to hide away.
Do leopard geckos prefer the light or dark? ›Leopard Geckos are crepuscular animals, which means they are most active at dawn and dusk. Although they are most active in the dark, daylight also plays an important part in their daily cycle. Without daylight, a Leopard Gecko's photo period may be thrown off and their health can suffer as a result.
How much attention do leopard geckos need? ›These colorful creatures are small, have minimal care requirements, and can be left alone for several days if necessary. They are also quiet, don't smell, and don't need a lot of attention.
What is leopard gecko Splooting? ›When they are super comfy they “sploot”! This is when they lay with one to all arms back, kind of like a baby. If you see your gecko doing this, they are okay and are actually very comfy! It is also important to note that they may be awake every once in a while during the day.
Is a basking light the same as a heat lamp? ›Both bulbs emit heat and white light, the difference is a subtle one in the color of light that your animals are displayed under. ZooMed Basking Bulbs emit a very yellowish hued light, but are one of the most preferred methods for heating animals that have requirements for high basking temperatures.
How long can leopard geckos go without food? ›Many adult leopard geckos can go without food for ten days to two weeks because of the fat storage in their tails. It is completely normal for leopard geckos to go without eating for long periods.
Do leopard geckos need a heat lamp 24 7? ›Do leopard geckos need a heat lamp 24/7? Yes it is a good idea to leave your gecko's heat lamp (or other heat source) on 24/7. The bright light of morning created by a daylight bulb will help your gecko feel more like his tank is like his natural environment.
What is the difference between a heat lamp and a heating mat? ›Heat lamps are positioned above animals and project heat down from above, while pig heating mats provide under-body heat. For farrowing and nursing animals, farmers typically use one or the other method for creating a heated microclimate, but for some critical times of a pig's life – like day one – producers use both.
How do I keep my leopard gecko warm at night? ›
Using Heat Mats To Maintain The Correct Temperature For Leopard Gecko During The Night. Heat mats can increase the temperature in the cage perfectly if it is a bit too frosty in there for him. Especially during colder months when weather conditions are unfavorable, and the room temperature in your home is not ideal.
How often do you feed a leopard gecko? ›You should feed young geckos every day and adults every other day. You'll need to top up your gecko's nutrients with supplements, too. Ask your vet for advice on the best ones to give your pet.
Are leopard geckos high maintenance? ›Leopard geckos, affectionately called leos, are generally easy to care for. They do not require a lot of cage maintenance, but you should still give their environment a lot of attention. Leopard geckos are mostly nocturnal, ground-dwelling geckos that are generally docile and easy to tame.
What is the easiest gecko to take care of? ›Leopard Gecko. Let's begin our adventure with one of the easiest geckos to keep. The leopard gecko (E. macularius) is the gecko gold standard in herpetoculture, with a long list of reasons why it is an ideal beginner gecko.
What is the easiest gecko to care for? ›1. Leopard Geckos. Leopard geckos are easy to care for, making making them one of the best pet lizards for beginners and children over the age of 8. With an average length of 9 inches, leopard geckos are easy to handle and have a gentle disposition.
What is the easiest pet lizard to take care of? ›1. Leopard Gecko. A leopard gecko is a hardy and peaceful pet that is ideal for beginners. These spotted geckos are quiet and easy to care for, making them ideal household pets.
Do leopard geckos prefer long or tall tanks? ›Leos are ground geckos and prefer long, relatively shallow tanks, giving them a lot of floor space. Avoid tall and narrow tanks such as those commonly used for chameleons or other tree-dwelling species.
Do leopard geckos need to shower? ›Leopard geckos generally do not need to be bathed and can keep themselves relatively clean if kept in a tidy habitat. However, your gecko may need to be washed if it is having a hard time shedding its skin, develops a skin condition, or becomes noticeably dirty.
What is the friendliest pet gecko? ›The leopard gecko is a popular choice for most beginner lizard owners due to their slow, docile attitude and simple, low-maintenance care needs. Leopard geckos come with a coat of dark spots, like a leopard cat. However, their colors range from yellow to white to orange.
How much attention do geckos need? ›These colorful creatures are small, have minimal care requirements, and can be left alone for several days if necessary. They are also quiet, don't smell, and don't need a lot of attention.
What is geckos weakness? ›
Study reveals way to overcome lizard's stickiness
But like any superhero, the reptiles have their kryptonite. A new study shows that soaked surfaces and wet feet cause them to lose their grip. The key to the gecko's sticking success lies in tiny hairlike structures, called setae, found on the base of its toes.
The ideal daytime temperatures for leopard geckos are 75° to 85°F (24-29 °C), with up to up to 90°F (32 °C) under the heat lamp. The nighttime temperatures should never drop below 65°F (18°C). The ideal humidity is between 30-40%.
Do geckos prefer light or dark? ›Geckos tend to stay near porch lights or other light sources around your home while they wait for insects they eat, like moths and cockroaches. They can also be found around your home's exterior or in cracks and crevices in your home's structure – all the more reason to keep your foundation maintained.
What geckos don't need a heat lamp? ›- Crested geckos. These are wonderful little lizards that do not require any additional heat and a simple fluorescent light will suffice. ...
- Uromastyx Lizards. N. ...
- Tortoises & Turtles. ...
- Snakes -- Yes Snakes!
- Bearded Dragons:
For these reasons, ReptiFiles recommends that adult leopard geckos be housed in no smaller than a 36″ x 18″ x 18″ enclosure with at least 4.5 sq ft of floor space. Floor space is the most important consideration here, as leos are terrestrial (ground-dwelling) lizards.